The collection of scientific articles was compiled based on the results of the international conference dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation and held at the Faculty of History on April 24, 2017. The publication reflects both the breadth of thematic interests of its contributors and the diversity of viewpoints and concepts presented. The problems of the genesis of the concept and phenomenon of the Reformation and its perception in modern science were touched upon; features of the “Confessional Epoch” and its reflection in politics, culture, social thought of Early Modern Europe. The key problems of the Reformation in later times, right up to modern times, were also considered. Special attention of the collection’s participants is paid to Protestantism in Orthodox lands and in the USA.